Spot versus Process: Choosing which to use
For a given design, I might specify that the printing be in spot colors or process colors. Sometimes, I might even specify process printing plus a spot color. The decision to specify a spot, process, or spot and process is made based on a variety of factors.
Process printing, using the familiar CMYK inks (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black) makes it possible to create the illusion of photographic colors from the use of four translucent inks. As the inks are laid down in different densities overlapping each other, they mix to form the variety of colors which we see. However, the CMYK color pallet has a limited gamut (the range of colors) which it can produce.
Spot color printing, involves specifying a particular color, or colors, to be printed. These are selected from a color matching system. The most popular system is the Pantone Matching System (PMS). Each color in the system is assigned a PMS number. For example, PMS-185 is a bright red. By printing a spot color, you can be assured that the color on the final piece will match the color that was specified.
Process printing can often be more cost effective when a large range of colors are needed, because all the colors can be created by four printing plates. With spot colors, a printing plate must be created for each color used.
When cost is an important factor and many colors are required, process printing is the right choice. If, however, it is critical that a color be consistent across a variety of pieces, then specifying a spot color is the only way viable option.
Times when you would want to use spot colors
- When you want to assure consistent color for corporate logos, etc.
- When you want amazing BRIGHT colors which exceed the capability of CMYK Process Colors.
- When you need three or fewer colors and you will not be reproducing full color photographs.
- When you want clarity in text and crisp lines.
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